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ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is a non-profit organization responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring its stable and secure operation. Here are the key functions and roles of ICANN:

Key Functions of ICANN:
Domain Name System (DNS) Management:

ICANN manages the DNS, which translates human-friendly domain names (like http://www.example.com) into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network.
IP Address Allocation:

ICANN allocates IP address blocks to regional internet registries (RIRs), which then allocate them to internet service providers and other organizations.
Protocol Identifier Assignment:

ICANN coordinates the assignment of unique identifiers needed for the technical functioning of the internet, such as protocol numbers and port numbers.
Root Server Management:

ICANN helps manage the root server system, which is crucial for the functioning of the DNS.
Policy Development:

ICANN facilitates the development of policies related to the internet’s naming system through a multi-stakeholder model involving various groups and experts from around the world.
Structure of ICANN:
ICANN operates through a global, multi-stakeholder community composed of:

The ICANN Board of Directors: Governs the organization and oversees its policies and strategic direction.
Supporting Organizations (SOs): These include the Address Supporting Organization (ASO), the Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO), and the Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO).
Advisory Committees (ACs): These include the Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC), the Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC), the Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC), and the At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC).
Importance of ICANN:
ICANN’s work is crucial to maintaining the security, stability, and interoperability of the internet. It ensures that the internet remains open and accessible to users worldwide, facilitating global communication and commerce.

For more detailed and up-to-date information about ICANN and its activities, you can visit their official website: http://www.icann.org.

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